The Environment is our basic life support system and is composed of living beings, physical surroundings, and climatic conditions. It is derived from a French word, “Environner”, which means “to surround”. The term environment includes all biotic and abiotic entities around us. Biotic refers to the world of living organisms, whereas Abiotic refers to the world of non-living elements. The Environment provides us with the essential elements – air, water, food, and land which are essential for life to flourish on the Earth. Our Environment comprises three components – natural components (air, water, land & living things), human components (individual, family, community), and human-made components (roads, monuments, industries), and is a combination of natural and human-made phenomena. The Natural Environment could be further classified into four domains- lithosphere, Hydrosphere, Biosphere, and Atmosphere. These are also called the domains of the environment. The top layer of the Earth or the solid crust is called the lithosphere. It is covered by a thin layer of soil and is formed of rocks and minerals. It supports life on Earth and provides forests, and grasslands for grazing has various landforms – plains, valleys, and mountains, and also makes available land for agriculture and human settlements. The hydrosphere is referred to as the domain of water. It includes different types of water bodies – lakes, rivers, seas, oceans, etc., along with various sources of water. The thin layer of air surrounding the Earth is the atmosphere, it consists of water vapor, gases, and dust particles. The upper layer of the atmosphere has the ozone layer. It protects life on Earth from the sun's ultraviolet (UV) radiation. The Earth’s gravitational force holds the atmosphere around it, this is an essential process for life to thrive on the planet. The biosphere is also called the living world, the plant and the animal kingdom together constitute the biosphere. The interaction between land, water, and air takes place in this narrow zone of the Earth to support life. Humans form an integral part of the environment. They interact with the environment and modify it as per their needs and requirements, thus forming a human-made environment. With time, as humans evolved, their interaction with the environment also revolutionized, resulting in global environmental impact. Early humans used to adapt to the natural surroundings, however, contemporarily, as the human needs grew and became varied, the pressure on the environment also spiked, and more emphasis was given on judiciously using our environmental resources for meeting the needs of both present and future generations, to safeguard biodiversity and to protect life on Earth. Our Environmental resources are finite, living in harmony, and maintaining a perfect balance between the natural and human environment is of utmost importance and is the only way forward to a sustainable future.

Welcome to the most trusted and scientific blog around climate change and Sustainable development. Climate change is a hot topic. It feels like everyone, from Lindsay Lohan to the former vice president, is weighing in. You might be wondering what all the fuss is about. After all, isn’t our planet always going through natural climate changes? And isn’t that a good thing? As we know, the world is getting warmer. But scientists agree that rather than being a positive side effect of natural variability, this warming is directly attributable to human activity – namely, our burning of fossil fuels and deforestation at an unprecedented rate. Whether you are concerned about the future of humanity or simply want to protect your own interests as a lover of the natural world, it makes sense to educate yourself on the impacts of climate change on our planet. Once you understand exactly what’s at risk, you can take action to help mitigate its negative effects and give future generations the best shot at thriving on Earth. Is fashion responsible for climate change? What are the main impacts of climate change? Weather patterns are unpredictable as a result of changes in climatic conditions, making it difficult to maintain and produce crops in a region that relies on farming owing to uneven and non-seasonal rainfall, which damages the vegetation. Climate change has also been linked to other weather occurrences such as hurricanes, floods, and storms, among others. The melting of glaciers owing to the increased warmth has caused a rise in sea level in the arctic region, which has begun to damage the coastline and raise the chances of flooding and erosion. The sudden change in climatic circumstances impacts all biological life present, but as we all know, it is not a natural act; everything around us, living and non-living, is interconnected and goes through the same processes. following are some impacts 1. Human Suffering Climate change is expected to lead to an increase in human suffering across the world. Heat waves will become more common, and humid areas will become more susceptible to drought. Because of this, food security will decrease and food prices will rise, leading to increased hunger and malnutrition. Organizations like the Red Cross are already preparing for these effects. In the U.S., for example, the Red Cross has the initiative to help people adapt to the increasing frequency and intensity of extreme weather events, such as extreme heat, flooding, and hurricanes – events that we expect to increase due to climate change. While these examples refer specifically to the impacts in the U.S., climate change will affect all of us. A changing climate poses a threat to human health, particularly for populations that are socially, economically, or geographically vulnerable. Certain populations may be particularly affected by the health effects of climate change, including those who are very young or very old, who have certain physical or mental health conditions, or who lack access to proper health care and clean water. Climate change is expected to lead to an increase in extreme weather events like floods, droughts, cyclones, and wildfires. These events will cause damage to property and infrastructure, disrupting livelihoods and displacing millions of people from their homes. These people will be considered climate refugees, and many of them will migrate to other areas of the world. There are currently more than 25 million people living as climate refugees, and that number is expected to grow. While the International Organization for Migration and the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees have begun to address the needs of climate refugees, many of the policies and procedures in place are not robust enough to adequately address the growing problem. As temperatures rise, places that were once habitable will become uninhabitable. This will spark a massive global migration, threatening countries’ abilities to sustain their current populations, let alone the influx of millions of climate refugees. 2. Sea-level rise Climate change is expected to cause a rise in sea level, leading to increased coastal flooding. This is due to two factors: melting ice, and a thermal expansion of seawater. This is a big deal because about a quarter of the world’s population lives along a coast, and two-thirds of our global gross domestic product is produced in coastal areas. When sea levels rise, coastal areas are at risk of flooding from high tides. This flooding can be damaging and costly, as seen when Hurricane Katrina flooded 80% of New Orleans and required billions of dollars in repairs. In addition to coastal flooding, a rise in sea level will cause damage to ecosystems and wildlife. Areas like wetlands and coral reefs that are already vulnerable to damage from human activity will be even more susceptible to destruction. 3. Ocean Acidification The oceans are an integral part of our planet, providing us with food and a place to live. However, they are being threatened by climate change, especially ocean acidification. Ocean acidification is caused by the ocean's absorption of carbon dioxide (CO2) from the atmosphere. This absorption has been increasing since the Industrial Revolution. The CO2 that enters the oceans is converted into carbonic acid, which makes the water more acidic. This is a problem because it can disrupt marine ecosystems. It is particularly harmful to organisms with shells, like oysters and clams, which make their homes in the ocean. It can also harm coral reefs, which are important habitats for many marine species. 4. Extreme Weather Events Extreme weather events, like floods, droughts, and heat waves, are expected to become more common and more intense due to climate change. These events can cause damage to property, disrupt livelihoods, and even kill people. If a drought were to strike your area, for example, you might have to cut back on watering your plants, which could lead to a decrease in your plants’ health. You might even have to replace them if they die. This might seem like a minor concern, but consider this: droughts can have devastating effects on food availability and prices. If you’re living in a place that relies heavily on food imports, a drought in one of the major food-producing regions could affect you. 5. Biodiversity Loss Biodiversity refers to the variety of life on Earth, including species, ecosystems, and the genetic variety within species. It’s a very complex system that scientists have been trying to understand for decades. But now biodiversity is at risk of being disrupted forever as a result of climate change. Scientists expect climate change to alter the distribution of species, affecting the ecosystems that depend on them. This could result in the extinction of species that lose their habitats due to climate change, leading to a loss of biodiversity. Ecosystems that depend on pollinators, like bees, birds, and bats, are particularly vulnerable to biodiversity loss. These species could face extinction as a result of decreased pollination due to warming temperatures, increased CO2, and a decrease in water availability. Conclusion Climate change is a real threat to the planet. It has the power to disrupt ecosystems, affect global biodiversity, and even cause a rise in human suffering. Many of the problems associated with climate change can be traced to the burning of fossil fuels, which releases CO2 into the atmosphere. We can’t stop climate change, but we can mitigate its effects by working to cut emissions and slow down the rate of warming. To accomplish this, we need to work together to find solutions that reduce our dependence on fossil fuels.

The course covers fundamental principles of atmospheric science, climate data collection methods, and tracking greenhouse gas emissions. It introduces basic climate modeling and investigates the effects of various scenarios for greenhouse gas emissions. Finally, it discusses the impacts of climate change on environmental, social, economic, and human systems, including coral reefs, sea level rise, and urban infrastructure. The course follows the general outline of the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change's 5th Assessment Report. Course Learning Objectives By the end of this course, you will: Develop a deep scientific understanding of HOW the climate system has been changing. Articulate WHY the climate system is changing. Understand the nature of these changes. Develop a system thinking approach to analyzing the impacts of climate change on both natural and human systems What You Will Learn Principles of atmospheric science Climate data collection and interpretation Zero-dimensional Energy Balance Models One-dimensional Energy Balance Models General Circulation Models Carbon emissions scenarios Future climate change projections Impacts on human systems Emissions reduction pathways This course is self-paced, which means you can complete the content anytime.

About This Course Climate change is arguably the greatest challenge of our time. Human activity has already warmed the planet by one degree Celsius relative to pre-industrial times, and we are feeling the effects through record heat waves, droughts, wildfires, and flooding. If we continue to burn fossil fuels at the current rate, the planet will reach two degrees of warming by 2050 - the threshold that many scientists have identified as a dangerous tipping point. What is the science behind these projections? Join climate scientist expert Michael Mann to learn about the basic scientific principles behind climate change and global warming. We need to understand science in order to solve the broader environmental, societal, and economic changes that climate change is bringing. Course Learning Objectives By the end of this course, you will: Develop a deep scientific understanding of HOW the climate system has been changing; Articulate WHY the climate system is changing; Understand the nature of these changes; Develop a system thinking approach to analyzing the impacts of climate change on both natural and human systems. The course covers the basic principles of atmospheric science, methods of climate data collection, and tracking greenhouse gas emissions. It introduces basic climate modeling and explores the impact of various greenhouse gas emissions scenarios. Finally, it outlines the impacts of climate change on environmental, social, economic, and human systems, from coral reefs and sea level rise to urban infrastructure. The course follows the general outline of the 5th Assessment Report of the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. What You Will Learn Principles of atmospheric science Climate data collection and interpretation Zero-dimensional Energy Balance Models One-dimensional Energy Balanced Models General Circulation Models Carbon emissions scenarios Future climate change projections Impacts on human systems Emissions reduction pathways This course is self-paced, which means you can complete the content anytime.

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